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Hydrocarbon oil duty (also fuel duty and fuel tax) is a fuel tax levied on some the price of some fuels used by most road vehicles in the United Kingdom; with exceptions for local bus services, some farm and construction vehicles and aviation, which pay reduced or no fuel duty. The government revenue from fuel duty in 2009 was £25.894 billion, with a further £3.884 billion being raised from the VAT on the duty contributing some 4 per cent to the total UK tax revenues. The Fuel Price Escalator, which was introduced in 1993 was abandoned after the disruptive fuel tax protests of 2000. ==History== The Finance Act 1908 introduced a petrol duty in the UK, with the rate being set at 3d (£0.013) per UK gallon, bringing the price of a typical UK gallon to 1s 1½d (£}} as of ).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Fuel duties )〕 It was then abolished by the Finance Act 1919 after several years of steady petrol price rises and replaced by vehicle taxation, and the tax disc based on horsepower,〔 after which the cost of petrol was about 4s (£}} as of ) per UK gallon). In 1928, following market reductions in the cost of a UK gallon of fuel to about 1s 2½d (£}} as of ), the Government introduced a tax of 4d (£0.017) per UK gallon〔 bringing the cost of a UK gallon of petrol to 1s 6¾d (£}} as of ). In the 1993 Budget during the Major ministry, Norman Lamont introduced a 10p rise and also a Fuel Price Escalator whereby the cost of fuel would be increased annually by 3 per cent above inflation in future years; the Petroleum Revenue Tax was reduced in the same budget and later abolished. Kenneth Clarke, the new chancellor, increased the escalator to 5p in November of that year. These increases were introduced at a time of considerable change in government transport policy, and followed major UK road protests, including the M11 link road protest and the protest at Twyford Down.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gummer denies the 'great car economy' )〕 The escalator was increased in 6p per year in 1997 by Gordon Brown, chancellor for the new Blair ministry. The escalator was effectively cancelled by the Brown ministry follow severe disruption caused by the fuel tax protests in 2000. Since that time more cautious increases have been applied.〔 A planned 3.02p/litre rise which was confirmed by the 2012 United Kingdom budget to come into effect on 1 August 2012〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Budget 2012: Fuel duty increase gets go-ahead )〕 was later deferred until 1 January 2013 at short notice.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Government postpones planned 3p fuel duty increase )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「hydrocarbon oil duty」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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